What does the theory of plate tectonics state?

The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's surface, or lithosphere, is broken into several large and small plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These tectonic plates continuously move, shift, and interact with one another due to the heat-driven convective currents in the mantle. This movement can lead to various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.

Understanding the dynamic nature of the Earth's surface allows scientists to explain how continents have drifted over geological time, how ocean basins expand, and how plates can collide or slide past one another, leading to significant changes to the Earth's landscape. The movement of these plates is thus fundamental to the concepts of geology and Earth sciences, making the assertion that B is correct.

In contrast, other options do not reflect the reality of plate movements. For instance, the idea that the Earth's surface is completely solid contradicts the existence of tectonic activity and the semi-fluid layer beneath the rigid plates. Similarly, the notion of a fixed surface does not account for the ongoing changes due to plate interactions. Lastly, denying any changes over time fails to acknowledge the extensive geological evidence showing plate movements and their significant impact on the Earth's structure over millions of